Life on the edge: rare and restricted episodes of a pan-tropical mutualism adapting to drier climates
Date
2011Author
McLeish, M.
Guo, D.
van Noort, S.
Midgley, G.
Format Extent
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• The fig tree–fig wasp obligate pollination mutualism has strong ancestral affinities
with tropical communities, but is present in much drier contemporary biomes, especially at higher latitudes at the edge of their range. The extent to which adaptation to environmental variables is evolutionarily conserved and whether environmental differences function in ecological speciation of the mutualism are unknown.
• Here we use climate models and phylogenetic reconstructions to test whether
the Ficus–fig wasp mutualism has adapted and radiated into drier climates and led to ecological speciation in both plant and insect.
• The results showed phylogenetic correspondence between closely related Ficus
species with either savanna, forest, or riparian habitat categories, were most
strongly explained by both climate and environmental variables. Rare episodes of
adaptation to dry apotypic conditions have resulted in substantial radiations into
savanna.
• Inferences were consistent with predictions of niche conservatism and support
the postulate that ecological speciation of the mutualism occurs, but under contrasting
and intertwined circumstances among plant-pollinator adaptation and tolerance to the environment.
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- RESEARCH: CIB Associates [228]